Evaluating alternative low carbon fuel technologies using a stakeholder participation-based q-rung orthopair linguistic multi-criteria framework

It is widely believed that alternative low carbon fuels (ALCF) can be instrumental in achieving the transportation sector’s decarbonization goal. Unlike conventional fossil-based fuels, ALCF produced through a combination of different chemical processes and feedstocks. The inherent complexity problem justifies multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach to support presence multiple criteria data uncertainty. In this paper, we propose novel stakeholder participation-based MCDM framework integrating experts' perspectives on production pathways using analytics hierarchy process (AHP) q-rung orthopair linguistic partition Bonferroni mean (q-ROLPBM) operator. key merit our lies treating dimensions as heterogeneous indicators while considering mutual influence between within same dimension. proposed applied evaluate four against 13 categorised under economic, environmental, technical, social for case United Kingdom (UK). Our analysis revealed environmental economic most important, followed by technical evaluation dimensions. e-fuel e-biofuel are found two top-ranked utilise electrochemical reduction its with anaerobic digestion. These findings, along recommendations, provide decision-makers guidelines pathway selection formulate effective policies investment.